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Formation of Positively Charged Liquid Helium Clusters in Supercritical Helium and their Solidification Upon Compression

机译:超临界氦中带正电的液氦团簇的形成及其压缩后的凝固

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摘要

Positively charged ions were produced in supercritical helium at temperatures from 6 to\ud10 K and up to 2 MPa using a corona discharge. Their mobility was measured via currentvoltage\udcurves and the hydrodynamic radius was derived using Stokes law. An initial increase\udand subsequent decrease of hydrodynamic radius was observed and interpreted in terms of\udgrowth, compression and solidification of ion clusters. The mobility was modelled using a\udvan der Waals-type thermodynamic state equation for the ion-in-helium mixed system and a\udtemperature-dependent Millikan-Cunningham factor, describing experimental data both in the\udKnudsen and the Stokes flow region. Regions of maximum hydrodynamic radius and large\ud1\udcompressibility were interpreted as boiling points. These points were modelled over a large\udrange of pressures and found to match the Frenkel line of pure helium up to 0.7 MPa, reflecting\udsimilarity of density fluctuations in pure supercritical helium and gas-liquid phase transitions\udof ionic helium clusters.
机译:使用电晕放电,在6至ud10 K且最高2 MPa的温度下,在超临界氦气中产生带正电的离子。通过电流电压\曲线测量其迁移率,并利用斯托克斯定律推导流体力学半径。观察到流体动力学半径的最初增加/减少,随后减少,并根据离子簇的生长,压缩和固化来解释。迁移率使用氦离子混合系统的\ udvan der Waals型热力学状态方程和\依赖温度的Millikan-Cunningham因子建模,描述了\ udKnudsen和Stokes流动区域的实验数据。最大流体动力学半径和大\ ud1 \ ududability的区域被解释为沸点。这些点是在很大的压力范围内建模的,发现与高达0.7 MPa的纯氦的Frenkel线匹配,反映了纯超临界氦气中密度波动的不相似和离子氦簇的气液相转变\ udd。

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